{
  "schema": "leita-filesystem-benchmark/1",
  "date_utc": "2026-10-19T09:32:55Z",
  "platform": "Linux-7.2.5-3-omarchy-x86_64-with-glibc2.44",
  "cpu": "AMD Ryzen 9 7900X3D 12-Core Processor",
  "tools": {
    "leita": {
      "version": "leita g8e42581 (linux/amd64, built 2026-10-19)",
      "sha256": "ec8fa9f486aa6915bd544bfecceaff170f111ed459d95f1578321f27dcdf6d01"
    },
    "fd": {
      "version": "fd 10.5.0",
      "sha256": "fb79efe01b5bec2dcf1adf820fc183f244b985aedb3b9adb362bc0078440abbd"
    },
    "find": {
      "version": "find (GNU findutils) 4.11.0-modified",
      "sha256": "dd7db3e8da1775fd4f196db8a9000d5d31c20bf82f105af567bea7c3db4303d6"
    },
    "ncdu": {
      "version": "ncdu 2.9.2",
      "sha256": "953d465983880fb5a49dd24cd05af539395563e7d643a3ec3d8b05fd83f56aa1",
      "package_sha256": "0d50e503eb902aa227de9b90715e0e57d1836eb0d9ce9e5ad46ea9a293d0f6e2"
    },
    "time": {
      "version": "time (GNU Time) 1.10",
      "sha256": "5d40ec32da41f48b514f1bf6f6c1b22a9db22fc19f66c048490effdf23bb08a5"
    }
  },
  "source": {
    "leita_revision": "8e42581d204c11c22724c0fdbc3757dffd34c949",
    "jm_revision": "6d85e4750a4c58ca3c1076b78b9cc78def2a4c9e",
    "odin_version": "odin version dev-2026-09:984eb69e0",
    "build_command": "LEITA_LICENCE_KEY=e83dc875975880f373348c2eccbf6b5c719736abf15727e77f3968c0c6644553 just cli release",
    "build_kind": "optimized development build with repository test public key"
  },
  "protocol": {
    "seed": 20261019,
    "filesystem": "actual host mount and options recorded per fixture",
    "cache": "warm; no global cache drops",
    "warmups_per_tool": 2,
    "measured_runs_per_tool": 7,
    "schedule": "each round shuffles five modes using seed+file count",
    "fd_stat": "native fd modification-time filter before 2100-01-01; forces metadata reads without excluding generated entries; exact sorted path set validated against fd names-only",
    "elapsed": "Python perf_counter_ns before Popen through wait return; includes fresh GNU Time wrapper startup, target process, and output",
    "peak_memory": "GNU Time %M target-process maximum RSS, KiB; summary is maximum across measured runs, displayed as decimal MB",
    "op": "one enumerated filesystem entry beneath fixture root, excluding root; all tools share this denominator but perform different work"
  },
  "fixtures": [
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries_excluding_root": 203020,
      "fd_entries": 203020,
      "fd_stat_entries": 203020,
      "fd_path_set_sha256": "78099f75fd304ab0d2b3935dbc1662ec37f561931fc8c27caa0d22369211d822",
      "fd_stat_path_set_sha256": "78099f75fd304ab0d2b3935dbc1662ec37f561931fc8c27caa0d22369211d822",
      "leita_used": 203020,
      "ncdu_named_including_root": 203021,
      "filesystem_and_options": "btrfs rw,relatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/@home",
      "root_template": "$WORKDIR/tree-200000"
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries_excluding_root": 405634,
      "fd_entries": 405634,
      "fd_stat_entries": 405634,
      "fd_path_set_sha256": "5d59e4fbf72844628760f9773b232d73eaca803fe52a4e8fdc62d49170b23148",
      "fd_stat_path_set_sha256": "5d59e4fbf72844628760f9773b232d73eaca803fe52a4e8fdc62d49170b23148",
      "leita_used": 405634,
      "ncdu_named_including_root": 405635,
      "filesystem_and_options": "btrfs rw,relatime,compress=zstd:3,ssd,space_cache=v2,subvolid=257,subvol=/@home",
      "root_template": "$WORKDIR/tree-400000"
    }
  ],
  "runs": [
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 0,
      "elapsed_ns": 40463790,
      "max_rss_kib": 24532
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 1,
      "elapsed_ns": 26005969,
      "max_rss_kib": 21896
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 2,
      "elapsed_ns": 279028317,
      "max_rss_kib": 3256
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 3,
      "elapsed_ns": 63416453,
      "max_rss_kib": 2868
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 4,
      "elapsed_ns": 17954444,
      "max_rss_kib": 32480
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 5,
      "elapsed_ns": 25533707,
      "max_rss_kib": 21692
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 6,
      "elapsed_ns": 268351795,
      "max_rss_kib": 3092
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 7,
      "elapsed_ns": 18140496,
      "max_rss_kib": 35192
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 8,
      "elapsed_ns": 39941414,
      "max_rss_kib": 29160
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 9,
      "elapsed_ns": 63658380,
      "max_rss_kib": 2940
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 10,
      "elapsed_ns": 275032741,
      "max_rss_kib": 3088
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 11,
      "elapsed_ns": 26247675,
      "max_rss_kib": 21856
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 12,
      "elapsed_ns": 39461397,
      "max_rss_kib": 29952
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 13,
      "elapsed_ns": 64936684,
      "max_rss_kib": 2908
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 14,
      "elapsed_ns": 20136205,
      "max_rss_kib": 32728
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 15,
      "elapsed_ns": 26665273,
      "max_rss_kib": 22296
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 16,
      "elapsed_ns": 19417397,
      "max_rss_kib": 32768
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 17,
      "elapsed_ns": 275585304,
      "max_rss_kib": 2968
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 18,
      "elapsed_ns": 39838780,
      "max_rss_kib": 30292
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 19,
      "elapsed_ns": 62676847,
      "max_rss_kib": 2912
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 20,
      "elapsed_ns": 61374508,
      "max_rss_kib": 2888
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 21,
      "elapsed_ns": 25886784,
      "max_rss_kib": 21668
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 22,
      "elapsed_ns": 267570450,
      "max_rss_kib": 3268
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 23,
      "elapsed_ns": 39084025,
      "max_rss_kib": 29908
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 24,
      "elapsed_ns": 18500135,
      "max_rss_kib": 33980
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 25,
      "elapsed_ns": 65157982,
      "max_rss_kib": 2904
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 26,
      "elapsed_ns": 19560387,
      "max_rss_kib": 32776
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 27,
      "elapsed_ns": 272123017,
      "max_rss_kib": 3296
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 28,
      "elapsed_ns": 41083180,
      "max_rss_kib": 30176
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 29,
      "elapsed_ns": 27890176,
      "max_rss_kib": 22120
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 30,
      "elapsed_ns": 27883795,
      "max_rss_kib": 22124
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 31,
      "elapsed_ns": 38955803,
      "max_rss_kib": 24016
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 32,
      "elapsed_ns": 17193718,
      "max_rss_kib": 33080
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 33,
      "elapsed_ns": 63633082,
      "max_rss_kib": 2924
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 34,
      "elapsed_ns": 280763153,
      "max_rss_kib": 3160
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 35,
      "elapsed_ns": 34085856,
      "max_rss_kib": 36504
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 36,
      "elapsed_ns": 125722470,
      "max_rss_kib": 3100
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 37,
      "elapsed_ns": 71417733,
      "max_rss_kib": 32196
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 38,
      "elapsed_ns": 527926397,
      "max_rss_kib": 3088
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 1,
      "schedule_index": 39,
      "elapsed_ns": 49218903,
      "max_rss_kib": 38152
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 40,
      "elapsed_ns": 67580576,
      "max_rss_kib": 33764
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 41,
      "elapsed_ns": 31598479,
      "max_rss_kib": 35776
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 42,
      "elapsed_ns": 122906011,
      "max_rss_kib": 3124
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 43,
      "elapsed_ns": 50057376,
      "max_rss_kib": 38684
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 2,
      "schedule_index": 44,
      "elapsed_ns": 548340205,
      "max_rss_kib": 2976
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 45,
      "elapsed_ns": 124928219,
      "max_rss_kib": 3060
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 46,
      "elapsed_ns": 32145432,
      "max_rss_kib": 36348
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 47,
      "elapsed_ns": 49382783,
      "max_rss_kib": 38492
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 48,
      "elapsed_ns": 531227511,
      "max_rss_kib": 3084
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 3,
      "schedule_index": 49,
      "elapsed_ns": 69108552,
      "max_rss_kib": 31160
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 50,
      "elapsed_ns": 69953638,
      "max_rss_kib": 31932
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 51,
      "elapsed_ns": 125138788,
      "max_rss_kib": 3216
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 52,
      "elapsed_ns": 29902807,
      "max_rss_kib": 35752
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 53,
      "elapsed_ns": 47487334,
      "max_rss_kib": 38092
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 4,
      "schedule_index": 54,
      "elapsed_ns": 528858767,
      "max_rss_kib": 3068
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 55,
      "elapsed_ns": 70487306,
      "max_rss_kib": 30120
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 56,
      "elapsed_ns": 51066783,
      "max_rss_kib": 38616
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 57,
      "elapsed_ns": 124207138,
      "max_rss_kib": 2988
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 58,
      "elapsed_ns": 528054379,
      "max_rss_kib": 3152
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 5,
      "schedule_index": 59,
      "elapsed_ns": 29795405,
      "max_rss_kib": 35696
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 60,
      "elapsed_ns": 530490719,
      "max_rss_kib": 3128
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 61,
      "elapsed_ns": 30575998,
      "max_rss_kib": 36844
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 62,
      "elapsed_ns": 123468864,
      "max_rss_kib": 3072
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 63,
      "elapsed_ns": 69495964,
      "max_rss_kib": 28864
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 6,
      "schedule_index": 64,
      "elapsed_ns": 48677320,
      "max_rss_kib": 38752
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "leita",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 65,
      "elapsed_ns": 48484908,
      "max_rss_kib": 38588
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 66,
      "elapsed_ns": 70551667,
      "max_rss_kib": 32316
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "fd",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 67,
      "elapsed_ns": 30646402,
      "max_rss_kib": 37496
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 68,
      "elapsed_ns": 537582050,
      "max_rss_kib": 2948
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "tool": "find",
      "round": 7,
      "schedule_index": 69,
      "elapsed_ns": 123166694,
      "max_rss_kib": 3076
    }
  ],
  "summary": [
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries": 203020,
      "tool": "leita",
      "median_total_ms": 26.247675,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 129.2861540734903,
      "peak_rss_mb": 22.831104
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries": 203020,
      "tool": "fd",
      "median_total_ms": 18.500135,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 91.12469214855679,
      "peak_rss_mb": 36.036608
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries": 203020,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "median_total_ms": 39.83878,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 196.2308146980593,
      "peak_rss_mb": 31.019008
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries": 203020,
      "tool": "find",
      "median_total_ms": 63.633082,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 313.432578071126,
      "peak_rss_mb": 3.01056
    },
    {
      "files": 200000,
      "entries": 203020,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "median_total_ms": 275.032741,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 1354.7076199389223,
      "peak_rss_mb": 3.375104
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries": 405634,
      "tool": "leita",
      "median_total_ms": 49.218903,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 121.33820882864849,
      "peak_rss_mb": 39.682048
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries": 405634,
      "tool": "fd",
      "median_total_ms": 30.646402,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 75.55185709284724,
      "peak_rss_mb": 38.395904
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries": 405634,
      "tool": "fd_stat",
      "median_total_ms": 69.953638,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 172.45506540378764,
      "peak_rss_mb": 34.574336
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries": 405634,
      "tool": "find",
      "median_total_ms": 124.207138,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 306.2049483031501,
      "peak_rss_mb": 3.293184
    },
    {
      "files": 400000,
      "entries": 405634,
      "tool": "ncdu",
      "median_total_ms": 530.490719,
      "median_ns_per_entry": 1307.80634512886,
      "peak_rss_mb": 3.227648
    }
  ],
  "commands": {
    "leita": [
      "$LEITA",
      "--no-history",
      "--whole",
      "--color",
      "never",
      "$TREE"
    ],
    "fd": [
      "$FD",
      "-HI",
      "--one-file-system",
      "-0",
      ".",
      "$TREE"
    ],
    "fd_stat": [
      "$FD",
      "-HI",
      "--one-file-system",
      "--changed-before",
      "2100-01-01",
      "-0",
      ".",
      "$TREE"
    ],
    "find": [
      "find",
      "$TREE",
      "-xdev",
      "-mindepth",
      "1",
      "-print0"
    ],
    "ncdu": [
      "$NCDU",
      "-0",
      "--ignore-config",
      "-x",
      "-o",
      "/dev/null",
      "$TREE"
    ]
  }
}